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You don't need to be a chemical engineer with a university degree to start your own chemical formulas business - either from home or your own workshop. The profit margins in the chemical manufacturing industry have been kept secret. It's a multi-billion dollar industry with very few players considering the size of the market and the huge demand worldwide for cleaning and cosmetic products. Chemical formulas are used by everyone everyday - you can choose to be the customer or the manufacturer.

To start a business making chemical formulas is not difficult and not expensive. In fact, compared to most other businesses, the start-up cost is extremely low, and the profit margins much higher than most franchises or traditional businesses can offer. To have your own chemical formulas business you don't need to buy a franchise, invest a large sum of money in a fancy shop-front, and be restricted by rules and geographical boundaries. Chemical formulas, such as detergents and other cleaning products, can be made for many markets - domestic, commercial and industrial.

Apart from use in homes, offices and workplaces, cleaning products are used daily in industries as diverse as hospitals, transport companies, hotels, restaurants - the list is endless. Cosmetics and toiletries are equally popular. Apart from being used by all members of the family everyday, there's a huge market in hair and beauty salons, spas, pharmacies, gift stores, accommodation facilities, etc. Because of the low costs involved in making chemical formulas, the profit margin is so great - usually between 500 - 1000 %. This also makes it an ideal avenue for fund raising. Because chemical formulas are everyday necessity items, they're much easier to sell than many traditional fund raisers such as chocolates, cookies and candles.

Cleaning products and toiletries provide highly successful and highly profitable fund raising opportunities for service organisations, sports clubs, schools, charities and many other avenues. If you are looking to start your own business, either from home, a workshop or shopfront, making cleaning products, toiletries and cosmetics is one of the easiest and most profitable industries.

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A clinic that concentrates solely on providing treatment and attention to patients suffering from ankle, foot and lower leg conditions is called a podiatry clinic. Doctors serving at these clinics are called podiatrists who have specialized training in the care of the lower limb. Podiatrists can treat a myriad of foot and ankle issues ranging from minor problems like corns to major conditions and injuries like fractures.

Podiatrists provide best foot care for diabetes

Physicians usually refer a patient to a podiatry clinic if they feel that the patient's foot condition is better treated by an expert podiatrist. Podiatrists are better doctors for performing foot, ankle and lower leg surgeries, in addition to providing the latest non-surgical diagnosis, medicine and treatment for any foot and ankle condition or problem.

Podiatrists are also certified to offer specific foot care for diabetics, reconstructive surgery of the foot for treating foot conditions like flat foot and hammertoes, sports medicine in case of sprains and fractures and general pediatrics.

Initial consultation

During the first visit to the podiatry clinic, the podiatrist usually carries out an initial examination and collects information about the patient's history. Sometimes, the doctor may also recommend some additional diagnostic tests like x-rays and MRIs to confirm the exact foot condition and accordingly, provide the best treatment plan.

There are some people who suffer from chronic foot and ankle problems like bunions and smelly feet. They have to make regular visits to the podiatry clinic to treat the problem with the doctor.

Complementary medicine options too

The doctor will keep an eye out for any new complications and changes in the foot and render a different course of treatment, if required. Then there are other cases where patients only have to make a single visit to the podiatry clinic to treat fractures and shattered ankles through surgery..

Usually, podiatry clinics give a second opinion to patients before they start a treatment plan. There are also some clinics that offer complementary medicine options to treat a chronic condition like acupuncture, herbal medicine and massage.

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If you are planning to move to another location it will be a smart decision if you shall hire a property agent that will help you in making choice. Regardless of the type of house that you desire to purchase a property agent will definitely help you make good judgment. But why hire a property agent in the first place? Aside from the fact that he or she will make you feel comfortable about your decisions, the following are he advantages of hiring a property agent.

Comprehensive Report Of The Property
Property agents can obtain all the thorough data regarding any estate in which you desire to make a venture. They can offer a financier with a comprehensive account as well as photographs of the place. The floor plans shall be shown to you too. There are leaflets that can be used for reference purposes and to give you an idea of how the place looks like. They will have all the attention-grabbing and vital information of the assets and spot thereby maximizing the schedule for such consideration. You can also make wise decision with regards to the financial aspect of the property.

Making Decisions Will Be An Easier Task
A property-owner yearning to lease out residence can also profit greatly from having a property agent. The decision-making process will be easier since the agent can give practical insights to a land owner. The agent of your property shall also search for occupants to lease your house. If you find it hard to let your estate, just inform the agent and he or she will easily find someone who's interested in your property.

Supposing you want to have a house of your own or you simply want to invest in a real estate, consult a property agent. So whenever you spot a house hat you think will be a perfect abode for you and your family the property agent can readily give you expert recommendation and guidelines concerning that specific house. There are times that because of your excitement to buy the house you miss to spot some disadvantages of such property. But as long as you have one who will take care of all the spots.

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Do you want to sell your house? If you do try to see a property agent immediately so that he or she can advertise your house online. Through an advertisement in the internet more people would be able to take a good look at your property. The more potential buyers, the higher is the chance for your property to be sold at a good price. The agent you consulted shall also publish the said property on the newspaper so that those who don't have time to search the web but frequently reads the papers shall be good candidates for buying your house.

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With the host of cooling measures rolled out in the residential market by the Singapore's government to avert a property price bubble, investors are gleaning more investment potential in commercial properties. This segment of properties is exempted from Additional Buyer's Stamp Duty (ABSD), Seller's Stamp Duty (SSD) and restrictions on foreigners' ownership - all of which affect the residential market.

In Singapore, there are two ways to buy a commercial property:

    As an individual or;
    As a corporation [via private limited or limited liability partnership (LLP)]

The subsequent sections proceed to highlight key points a budding investor in the commercial property landscape should take note of.

No utilisation of Central Provident Fund (CPF)

If you are making the purchase as an individual, do bear in mind that you cannot dip into the savings in your Ordinary Account of the Central Provident Fund to settle the downpayment or monthly loan instalment for the commercial property.

This means the downpayment has to be wholly funded by cash.

For the loan repayment, you will have to be prepared to incur cash outlay if the rental yields are inadequate (assuming that you are planning to lease out the property).

Property tax

Same as for a second residential property, or an only residential property that is wholly rented out or left vacant, the tax is a flat 10% of the annual value of the property.

But if you fail to lease out the commercial space, you may apply for a vacancy refund of the property tax. This vacancy refund also applies to a residential property.

Goods and services tax (GST)

Unlike for residential properties, the buying of commercial spaces from a GST-registered company is subjected to a 7% GST. An individual making the purchase will have to bear the GST himself.

However, if you are a GST-registered company - all companies with a turnover exceeding S$1million have to register for GST - you can make claims for the GST incurred on your purchases. Thus shrewd individual investors may set up companies expressly for a financial transaction, termed as Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs), to circumvent the GST payment.

For companies with turnovers below S$1million, GST-registration is on a voluntary basis, subjected to certain requirements. Do note that being GST-registered comes with responsibilities. Check out what these are at IRAS.

Notably, the GST cannot be financed by the property loan. Buyers will have to stump up cash for this.

Rental yield and capital gains opportunities

It is estimated by Colliers Internationals that the yearly average gross yield of commercial spaces approximates 5%, compared to 2-3% for residential property. However, this higher gains can be offset by the steeper maintenance cost and renovation works generally required by tenants. Generally, the maintenance charge for a commercial unit is expected to be higher than for a residential property. Also, more may need to be splurged on basic setup, particularly for shop units leased out for business.

An exception are HDB shops with their lower maintenance fees of S$170 to S$250. But these properties tend to come with more restrictions such as the type of businesses permitted. Applications must also be made for renovation.

Still, small supply and strong demand can drive up the asset value of strata commercial property, making them worthwhile buys.

In land-scarce Singapore, strata-titled shops/offices are in limited quantity because most of the commercial spaces are owned by real estate investment trusts (REITs), and many of these REITs are in turn owned by the Government through proxies. As of 4Q2011, the supply of strata-titled offices in Singapore is estimated to be of 11.05 million sq ft, making up 14.2% of the total office stock (Bright Spot in Singapore Property Market: Strata-titled Office, Colliers International, pg 2). The stock of strata-titled shops also faces a similar small supply.

In addition, the slew of regulations in the residential market has diverted investors' attention to the commercial sector. Together with today's low interest rate environment, the two have fuelled demand.

Thus investors can make capital gains through direct sales.

Some investors are also looking toward en-bloc sales to make profit. In April 2012, in collective sales, strata office units at Parkway Centre and Burlington Square sold for $1,043 per sq ft and $1,318 per sq ft, respectively.

Besides capital gains, investors maybe hoping to profit from rental yields. However, official statistics on the occupancy rates for strata-titled shops and offices are not available. This makes reliable estimation of rental demand in the past, present and future difficult. Hence investors should be cautious if they are looking to profit from this avenue.

All in all, with more supplies coming on-board - either from strata or non strata developments - downward pressure on property values and rental is possible. Hence, only selective buys are recommended.

Tenure

Commercial/shop spaces in Singapore usually comes with 30-, 60-, 99-, or 999-year lease. Some may be freehold. For 99-year and shorter leasehold units, buyers should be mindful that financing institutions may quote a lower loan quantum for units running low on their lease.

Loans

Borrowers for commercial properties are allowed to take a loan-to-value ratio (LTV) of up to 80%, even with outstanding residential mortgages. The maximum loan tenor typically stands at 30 years. However, loans for commercial property tend to command a higher interest rate relative to residential property loans. Like the latter, these loans come in:

    Fixed Rate Package
    Variable (Floating) Rate Package

The requirements for a commercial loan, however, are more stringent. For example, the LTV ratio is contingent on whether the property is for owner-occupation or investment, with the latter subjected to stricter criteria by some banks. The next section explains the approval conditions in greater detail.

Credit worthiness and approval for commercial loans in Singapore

For purchases made under your name only your income, outstanding debts and credit history will be assessed. The maximum LTV ratio for a commercial mortgage is set at 80%, even with existing housing mortgages. But financing institutions will take a holistic approach in deciding whether to grant you a 80% loan.

For purchases made under a private limited or LLP company, the financiers will evaluate if the company has a cash flow record over the past few years that is sufficient to fund this investment. For instance, a company earning a monthly profit of S$15,000 deposits it into the company's account in a timely manner, the lenders can, thus, lend up to 60 to 80% (typically) of this S$15,000. In other words, you can obtain a loan up to 60 to 80% of the debt servicing ratio (DSR). This is much higher than the DSR for residential property bought by an individual.

Conversely, buying under a private limited or LLP company without adequate cash flow or profit (or if the companies are special purpose vehicles), may result in the banks requiring that the directors guarantee any loans taken by the company under their individual capacity. The directors may also need to be Permanent Residents or Singaporeans. In many cases, these directors will need to furnish documentary proof that most of their incomes are derived from that company. If they earn their income from elsewhere, some banks will not grant the loan even with them as guarantors. While others may.

From time to time, credit officers of the financiers will impose new rules and conduct additional documentation checks. Often, credit officers may ask for more supporting documents if they want to do tighter cross checks.

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NFL is a very exiting and unpredictable league. A lot of things happen during a game that would change the direction of events. That is why people would always have a hard time predicting scores and outcomes. Hundreds of factors and variables are involved in a single game. People should know which variable would have a great bearing on the results in order to establish the possibility and probability of winning. The player, team, weather, plays, violations and other factors should be greatly monitored. This would give the person a hint of the outcome. NFL plays could go in any direction at any given time. A single fumble, block or catch could make or break a game.

Betting on a team should only be done if a person has a concrete and reliable source of information. Relying on gut feeling and emotions is not recommended. People should consider factual and realities things when considering a bet. People who use their mind and intellect when making decisions have a high chance of winning. Although there is no proven way to completely predict an NFL game, people can increase their chances through statistical and mathematical methods. This is possible since math can be used to compute for the chances of a team provided the right variables are considered.

Statistical analysis is one of the most efficient ways to predict the direction of the game. A formula has been created specifically for NFL games. The factors and values used in the formula would depend on the statistical performance of football teams. The average passes, touchdowns, catches and field goals of each player should be placed in the formula. The collective data of a team should be greater than the opponent's in order to prove the great chance of success. This can be done easily since all the statistics of a player can be accessed in the internet. People can go to the internet page of the local team to get all the information required.

Special statistical analysis of teams can also be done to check all the possibilities. A player versus player comparison is a good way to check the chances of a team. This is necessary especially if the success of a team would rest on the effort of a single player. Quarter backs and running backs are the most significant part of the team. That is why people who bet money on NFL should closely watch these role players. There are many instances in a game where in the win has been achieved in one single play at the last minute. Many people overlook these situations which is why they lose a lot of money.

Statistical analysis is a very effective way to predict NFL plays. The different situations in a game can be projected by computing and assessing the chances, percentages and probabilities. That is why many people were able to succeed in NFL bets and wagers. It is impossible to know the final score but people can use the fasts, data and statistics to know the probabilities involved. In order to win in the long term, people should have a reliable strategy.

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